在线ast
AST树结构类型详解
Node
所有节点类型都实现以下接口:
interface Node {
type: string;
range?: [number, number];
loc?: SourceLocation;
}该type字段是表示AST变体类型的字符串。该loc字段表示节点的源位置信息。如果解析器没有生成有关节点源位置的信息,则该字段为null;否则它是一个对象,包括一个起始位置(被解析的源区域的第一个字符的位置)和一个结束位置.
interface SourceLocation {
start: Position;
end: Position;
source?: string | null;
}每个Position对象由一个line数字(1索引)和一个column数字(0索引)组成:
interface Position {
line: uint32 >= 1;
column: uint32 >= 0;
}Programs
interface Program <: Node {
type: "Program";
sourceType: 'script' | 'module';
body: StatementListItem[] | ModuleItem[];
}表示一个完整的源代码树。
Scripts and Modules
源代码数的来源包括两种,一种是script脚本,一种是modules模块
当为script时,body为StatementListItem。 当为modules时,body为ModuleItem。
类型StatementListItem和ModuleItem类型如下。
type StatementListItem = Declaration | Statement;
type ModuleItem = ImportDeclaration | ExportDeclaration | StatementListItem;TIP
我们可以看到modules模块比script脚本多了导入和导出
ImportDeclaration
import语法,导入模块
type ImportDeclaration {
type: 'ImportDeclaration';
specifiers: ImportSpecifier[];
source: Literal;
}ImportSpecifier类型如下:
interface ImportSpecifier {
type: 'ImportSpecifier' | 'ImportDefaultSpecifier' | 'ImportNamespaceSpecifier';
local: Identifier;
imported?: Identifier;
}ImportSpecifier语法如下:
import { foo } from './foo';ImportDefaultSpecifier语法如下:
import foo from './foo';ImportNamespaceSpecifier语法如下
import * as foo from './foo';ExportDeclaration
export类型如下
type ExportDeclaration = ExportAllDeclaration | ExportDefaultDeclaration | ExportNamedDeclaration;ExportAllDeclaration从指定模块中导出
interface ExportAllDeclaration {
type: 'ExportAllDeclaration';
source: Literal;
}语法如下:
export * from './foo';ExportDefaultDeclaration导出默认模块
interface ExportDefaultDeclaration {
type: 'ExportDefaultDeclaration';
declaration: Identifier | BindingPattern | ClassDeclaration | Expression | FunctionDeclaration;
}语法如下:
export default 'foo';ExportNamedDeclaration导出部分模块
interface ExportNamedDeclaration {
type: 'ExportNamedDeclaration';
declaration: ClassDeclaration | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration;
specifiers: ExportSpecifier[];
source: Literal;
}语法如下:
export const foo = 'foo';Declarations and Statements
declaration,即声明,类型如下:
type Declaration = VariableDeclaration | FunctionDeclaration | ClassDeclaration;statements,即语句,类型如下:
type Statement = BlockStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement |
DebuggerStatement | DoWhileStatement | EmptyStatement |
ExpressionStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement |
ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | IfStatement |
LabeledStatement | ReturnStatement | SwitchStatement |
ThrowStatement | TryStatement | VariableDeclaration |
WhileStatement | WithStatement;TIP
| 特性 | Statement(语句) | Declaration(声明) |
|---|---|---|
| 定义 | 执行操作或控制流程的代码单元 | 定义变量、函数、类等标识符的语法结构 |
| 主要目的 | 执行动作(如赋值、循环、条件判断) | 声明绑定标识符到值或行为(如变量、函数) |
| 是否产生值 | 通常不产生值(但可能有副作用) | 直接产生绑定(如变量初始化、函数定义) |
| 语法位置 | 可出现在任何需要执行操作的地方 | 需符合声明语法(如块级作用域、模块顶层等) |
VariableDeclaration
变量声明,kind 属性表示是什么类型的声明,因为 ES6 引入了 const/let。
interface VariableDeclaration <: Declaration {
type: "VariableDeclaration";
declarations: [ VariableDeclarator ];
kind: "var" | "let" | "const";
}FunctionDeclaration
函数声明(非函数表达式)
interface FunctionDeclaration {
type: 'FunctionDeclaration';
id: Identifier | null;
params: FunctionParameter[];
body: BlockStatement;
generator: boolean;
async: boolean;
expression: false;
}例如:
function foo() {}
function *bar() { yield "44"; }
async function noop() { await new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { resolve('55'); }) }ClassDeclaration
类声明(非类表达式)
interface ClassDeclaration {
type: 'ClassDeclaration';
id: Identifier | null;
superClass: Identifier | null;
body: ClassBody;
}ClassBody声明如下:
interface ClassBody {
type: 'ClassBody';
body: MethodDefinition[];
}MethodDefinition表示方法声明;
interface MethodDefinition {
type: 'MethodDefinition';
key: Expression | null;
computed: boolean;
value: FunctionExpression | null;
kind: 'method' | 'constructor';
static: boolean;
}
class foo {
constructor() {}
method() {}
};ContinueStatement
continue语句
interface ContinueStatement {
type: 'ContinueStatement';
label: Identifier | null;
}例如:
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i === 0) {
continue;
}
}DebuggerStatement
debugger语句
interface DebuggerStatement {
type: 'DebuggerStatement';
}例如
while(true) {
debugger;
}DoWhileStatement
do-while语句
interface DoWhileStatement {
type: 'DoWhileStatement';
body: Statement;
test: Expression;
}test表示while条件
例如:
var i = 0;
do {
i++;
} while(i = 2)EmptyStatement
空语句
interface EmptyStatement {
type: 'EmptyStatement';
}例如:
if(true);
var a = [];
for(i = 0; i < a.length; a[i++] = 0);ExpressionStatement
表达式语句,即,由单个表达式组成的语句。
interface ExpressionStatement {
type: 'ExpressionStatement';
expression: Expression;
directive?: string;
}当表达式语句表示一个指令(例如“use strict”)时,directive属性将包含该指令字符串。
例如:
console.log(b)
b+c
getHello();
(function(){})ForStatement
for语句
interface ForStatement {
type: 'ForStatement';
init: Expression | VariableDeclaration | null;
test: Expression | null;
update: Expression | null;
body: Statement;
}ForInStatement
for...in语句
interface ForInStatement {
type: 'ForInStatement';
left: Expression;
right: Expression;
body: Statement;
each: false;
}ForOfStatement
for...of语句
interface ForOfStatement {
type: 'ForOfStatement';
left: Expression;
right: Expression;
body: Statement;
}IfStatement
if 语句
interface IfStatement {
type: 'IfStatement';
test: Expression;
consequent: Statement;
alternate?: Statement;
}consequent表示if命中后内容,alternate表示else或者else if的内容。
LabeledStatement
label语句,多用于精确的使用嵌套循环中的continue和break。
interface LabeledStatement {
type: 'LabeledStatement';
label: Identifier;
body: Statement;
}如:
var num = 0;
outPoint:
for (var i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++){
for (var j = 0 ; j < 10 ; j++){
if( i == 5 && j == 5 ){
break outPoint;
}
num++;
}
}ReturnStatement
return 语句
interface ReturnStatement {
type: 'ReturnStatement';
argument: Expression | null;
}SwitchStatement
Switch语句
interface SwitchStatement {
type: 'SwitchStatement';
discriminant: Expression;
cases: SwitchCase[];
}discriminant表示switch的变量。
SwitchCase类型如下
interface SwitchCase {
type: 'SwitchCase';
test: Expression | null;
consequent: Statement[];
}ThrowStatement
throw语句
interface ThrowStatement {
type: 'ThrowStatement';
argument: Expression;
}TryStatement
try...catch语句
interface TryStatement {
type: 'TryStatement';
block: BlockStatement;
handler: CatchClause | null;
finalizer: BlockStatement | null;
}handler为catch处理声明内容,finalizer为finally内容。
CatchClaus 类型如下
interface CatchClause {
type: 'CatchClause';
param: Identifier | BindingPattern;
body: BlockStatement;
}例如:
try {
foo();
} catch (e) {
console.erroe(e);
} finally {
bar();
}WhileStatement
while语句
interface WhileStatement {
type: 'WhileStatement';
test: Expression;
body: Statement;
}test为判定表达式
WithStatement
with语句(指定块语句的作用域)
interface WithStatement {
type: 'WithStatement';
object: Expression;
body: Statement;
}如:
var a = {};
with(a) {
name = 'xiao.ming';
}
console.log(a); // {name: 'xiao.ming'}Expressions and Patterns
Expressions可用类型如下:
type Expression = ThisExpression | Identifier | Literal |
ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | ClassExpression |
TaggedTemplateExpression | MemberExpression | Super | MetaProperty |
NewExpression | CallExpression | UpdateExpression | AwaitExpression | UnaryExpression |
BinaryExpression | LogicalExpression | ConditionalExpression |
YieldExpression | AssignmentExpression | SequenceExpression;Patterns可用有两种类型,函数模式和对象模式如下:
type BindingPattern = ArrayPattern | ObjectPattern;TIP
表达式构成语句,语句+导入+导出组成模块
Expressions(表达式) 和 Patterns(模式) 是两种不同的节点类型
| 维度 | Expression(表达式) | Pattern(模式) |
|---|---|---|
| 定义 | 表示可计算值的代码结构(如字面量、运算、函数调用) | 表示变量或参数的模式匹配结构(如解构赋值、函数参数) |
| 用途 | 产生值,用于赋值、运算、逻辑判断等 | 匹配数据结构,用于解构、参数定义、类型约束 |
| AST 节点类型 | Identifier, Literal, BinaryExpression等 | ArrayPattern, ObjectPattern等 |
| 示例 | a + b, Math.max(1,2) | [x, y], { id, name } |
ThisExpression
this 表达式
interface ThisExpression {
type: 'ThisExpression';
}Identifier
标识符,就是我们写 JS 时自定义的名称,如变量名,函数名,属性名,都归为标识符。相应的接口是这样的:
interface Identifier {
type: 'Identifier';
name: string;
}Literal
字面量,这里不是指 [] 或者 {} 这些,而是本身语义就代表了一个值的字面量,如 1,“hello”, true 这些,还有正则表达式(有一个扩展的 Node 来表示正则表达式),如 /\d?/。
interface Literal {
type: 'Literal';
value: boolean | number | string | RegExp | null;
raw: string;
regex?: { pattern: string, flags: string };
}例如:
var a = 1;
var b = 'b';
var c = false;
var d = /\d/;ArrayExpression
数组表达式
interface ArrayExpression {
type: 'ArrayExpression';
elements: ArrayExpressionElement[];
}例:
[1, 2, 3, 4];ArrayExpressionElement
数组表达式的节点,类型如下
type ArrayExpressionElement = Expression | SpreadElement;Expression包含所有表达式,SpreadElement为扩展运算符语法。
SpreadElement
扩展运算符
interface SpreadElement {
type: 'SpreadElement';
argument: Expression;
}如:
var a = [3, 4];
var b = [1, 2, ...a];
var c = {foo: 1};
var b = {bar: 2, ...c};ObjectExpression
对象表达式
interface ObjectExpression {
type: 'ObjectExpression';
properties: Property[];
}Property代表为对象的属性描述
类型如下
interface Property {
type: 'Property';
key: Expression;
computed: boolean;
value: Expression | null;
kind: 'get' | 'set' | 'init';
method: false;
shorthand: boolean;
}kind用来表示是普通的初始化,或者是 get/set。
例如:
var obj = {
foo: 'foo',
bar: function() {},
noop() {}, // method 为 true
['computed']: 'computed' // computed 为 true
}FunctionExpression
函数表达式
interface FunctionExpression {
type: 'FunctionExpression';
id: Identifier | null;
params: FunctionParameter[];
body: BlockStatement;
generator: boolean;
async: boolean;
expression: boolean;
}例如:
var foo = function () {}ArrowFunctionExpression
箭头函数表达式
interface ArrowFunctionExpression {
type: 'ArrowFunctionExpression';
id: Identifier | null;
params: FunctionParameter[];
body: BlockStatement | Expression;
generator: boolean;
async: boolean;
expression: false;
}generator表示是否为generator函数,async表示是否为async/await函数,params为参数定义。
FunctionParameter类型如下
type FunctionParameter = AssignmentPattern | Identifier | BindingPattern;例:
var foo = () => {};ClassExpression
类表达式
interface ClassExpression {
type: 'ClassExpression';
id: Identifier | null;
superClass: Identifier | null;
body: ClassBody;
}例如:
var foo = class {
constructor() {}
method() {}
};TaggedTemplateExpression
标记模板文字函数
interface TaggedTemplateExpression {
type: 'TaggedTemplateExpression';
readonly tag: Expression;
readonly quasi: TemplateLiteral;
}TemplateLiteral类型如下
interface TemplateLiteral {
type: 'TemplateLiteral';
quasis: TemplateElement[];
expressions: Expression[];
}TemplateElement类型如下
interface TemplateElement {
type: 'TemplateElement';
value: { cooked: string; raw: string };
tail: boolean;
}例如
var foo = function(a){ console.log(a); }
foo`test`;MemberExpression
属性成员表达式
interface MemberExpression {
type: 'MemberExpression';
computed: boolean;
object: Expression;
property: Expression;
}例如:
const foo = {bar: 'bar'};
foo.bar;
foo['bar']; // computed 为 trueSuper
父类关键字
interface Super {
type: 'Super';
}例如:
class foo {};
class bar extends foo {
constructor() {
super();
}
}MetaProperty
(这个不知道干嘛用的)
interface MetaProperty {
type: 'MetaProperty';
meta: Identifier;
property: Identifier;
}例如:
new.target // 通过new 声明的对象,new.target会存在
import.metaCallExpression
函数执行表达式
interface CallExpression {
type: 'CallExpression';
callee: Expression | Import;
arguments: ArgumentListElement[];
}Import类型,没搞懂。
interface Import {
type: 'Import'
}ArgumentListElement类型
type ArgumentListElement = Expression | SpreadElement;如:
var foo = function (){};
foo();NewExpression
new 表达式
interface NewExpression {
type: 'NewExpression';
callee: Expression;
arguments: ArgumentListElement[];
}UpdateExpression
更新操作符表达式,如++、--;
interface UpdateExpression {
type: "UpdateExpression";
operator: '++' | '--';
argument: Expression;
prefix: boolean;
}如:
var i = 0;
i++;
++i; // prefix为trueAwaitExpression
await表达式,会与async连用。
interface AwaitExpression {
type: 'AwaitExpression';
argument: Expression;
}如
async function foo() {
var bar = function() {
new Primise(function(resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function() {
resove('foo')
}, 1000);
});
}
return await bar();
}
foo() // fooUnaryExpression
一元操作符表达式
interface UnaryExpression {
type: "UnaryExpression";
operator: UnaryOperator;
prefix: boolean;
argument: Expression;
}枚举UnaryOperator
enum UnaryOperator {
"-" | "+" | "!" | "~" | "typeof" | "void" | "delete" | "throw"
}BinaryExpression
二元操作符表达式
interface BinaryExpression {
type: 'BinaryExpression';
operator: BinaryOperator;
left: Expression;
right: Expression;
}枚举BinaryOperator
enum BinaryOperator {
"==" | "!=" | "===" | "!=="
| "<" | "<=" | ">" | ">="
| "<<" | ">>" | ">>>"
| "+" | "-" | "*" | "/" | "%"
| "**" | "|" | "^" | "&" | "in"
| "instanceof"
| "|>"
}LogicalExpression
逻辑运算符表达式
interface LogicalExpression {
type: 'LogicalExpression';
operator: '||' | '&&';
left: Expression;
right: Expression;
}如:
var a = '-';
var b = a || '-';
if (a && b) {}ConditionalExpression
条件运算符
interface ConditionalExpression {
type: 'ConditionalExpression';
test: Expression;
consequent: Expression;
alternate: Expression;
}例如:
var a = true;
var b = a ? 'consequent' : 'alternate';YieldExpression
yield表达式
interface YieldExpression {
type: 'YieldExpression';
argument: Expression | null;
delegate: boolean;
}例如:
function* gen(x) {
var y = yield x + 2;
return y;
}AssignmentExpression
赋值表达式。
interface AssignmentExpression {
type: 'AssignmentExpression';
operator: '=' | '*=' | '**=' | '/=' | '%=' | '+=' | '-=' |
'<<=' | '>>=' | '>>>=' | '&=' | '^=' | '|=';
left: Expression;
right: Expression;
}operator属性表示一个赋值运算符,left和right是赋值运算符左右的表达式。
SequenceExpression
序列表达式(使用逗号)。
interface SequenceExpression {
type: 'SequenceExpression';
expressions: Expression[];
}
var a, b;
a = 1, b = 2ArrayPattern
数组解析模式
interface ArrayPattern {
type: 'ArrayPattern';
elements: ArrayPatternElement[];
}例:
const [a, b] = [1,3];elements代表数组节点
ArrayPatternElement如下
type ArrayPatternElement = AssignmentPattern | Identifier | BindingPattern | RestElement | null;AssignmentPattern
默认赋值模式,数组解析、对象解析、函数参数默认值使用。
interface AssignmentPattern {
type: 'AssignmentPattern';
left: Identifier | BindingPattern;
right: Expression;
}例:
const [a, b = 4] = [1,3];RestElement
剩余参数模式,语法与扩展运算符相近。
interface RestElement {
type: 'RestElement';
argument: Identifier | BindingPattern;
}例:
const [a, b, ...c] = [1, 2, 3, 4];ObjectPatterns
对象解析模式
interface ObjectPattern {
type: 'ObjectPattern';
properties: Property[];
}例:
const object = {a: 1, b: 2};
const { a, b } = object;